Introducing Ssu Scholarship Essay Samples

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Chinese Culture vs. American Culture in Amy Tans The Joy...

Chinese Culture vs. American Culture in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club An authors cultural background can play a large part in the authors writing. Amy Tan, a Chinese-American woman, uses the cultural values of Chinese women in American culture in her novel, The Joy Luck Club. These cultural values shape the outcome of The Joy Luck Club. The two cultural value systems create conflict between the characters. In The Joy Luck Club, the chapter Waiting Between the Trees illustrates major concerns facing Chinese-American women. Chinese culture is a male dominated culture that leaves women little freedom. Their only job is to make their male spouses content. Living with their traditional culture in American society, Chinese-American†¦show more content†¦She was very pretty when she was a young girl. She was educated like every Chinese woman used to be: To be obedient, to honor ones parents, ones husband and to try to please him and his family. Ying-Ying was not taught to use her own digression and make her own way through life. The result of this education was a disaster due to the differences in values between the two cultures. Ying-Ying realized that her marriage was a mistake when her husband left her for another woman. Her love for him turned to hate and she killed her unborn baby. She felt great remorse for this and considered herself a murderer. She later remarried a gentleman by the name of St. Clair. With St. Clair she had a daughter. After her second son, which was her third child, died at birth, Ying-Ying had a mental breakdown. She saw his death as a punishment for the murdering her first son. Ying-Ying became passive and lifeless after her second son died. She kept the fact that she felt responsible for her second sons death a secret from her husband and daughter, Lena. As shown in this example, Ying-Ying had Chinese cultural values in an American society. This produces the conflict between cultures. Ying-Ying becomes so passive that she lets her husband make all of her decisions for her. Lena St.Clair, on the other hand, was born in America and lives like an American girl. But when she was born, she sprang from me like a slippery fish, and had been swimming away ever since,Show MoreRelatedThe Joy Luck Club Socratic Seminar Questions1104 Words   |  5 PagesAP Literature and Composition 23 July 2015 The Joy Luck Club Socratic Seminar Questions The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, exposes the paradoxical relationships between Chinese immigrant mothers and their American-raised daughters. Although both sides experience their own strife in life, the mothers are probably most notable for their struggle in assimilating to society. Given that they are the first generations to have contact with the unfamiliar culture, they must set foot onto the foreign land andRead MoreAmy Tan s The Joy Luck Club890 Words   |  4 PagesLena and Ying-Ying from Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club both face injustice in their patriarchal relationships, just as Mariam and Laila from A Thousand Splendid Suns, however on very different terms. Lena, like Amir and Laila, struggles with confrontation and complete deference of others. However, under the influence of her mother, Lena realizes the problematic recurrences in relationship with her husband. Ying-Ying, aware of her daughters submissiveness, must lead Lena to intervention to confront herselfRead More Analysis Of Two Kinds By Amy Tan1190 Words   |  5 PagesA Mother and Her Daughter In Amy Tan’s â€Å"Two Kinds† (1989), a section of her novel â€Å"The Joy Luck Club†, Tan depicts the mother-daughter relationship between June and her mother, Ms. Woo. Ms. Woo is determined to turn June into a child prodigy, forcing her to try different activities to see if she would be a prodigy in that field. Ms. Woo then forces June to take piano lessons, and to her content June continues to play the piano with lessons from Mr. Chong. When it comes time for June to perform in

The Loopholes of the Montreal Protocol on the Substances...

Climate Change is one of the chief problems that the world is struggling right now. It is estimated that every decade, the world’s temperature is increasing by 1 ºC and this phenomenon is called global warming. An evident example of global warming is the melting of the polar ice caps. Compare to the past hundred years, the size of the polar ice caps has reduced which resulted to the rise of the sea levels and eventually destroying the homes of those people living near the seaside. Another consequence is the increasing number of dangerous typhoons. A typhoon starts from a low pressure area in the oceans and because the temperature of the water is increasing due to global warming, more low pressure areas are formed. Next, another effect of global warming is the widespread extinction of some animals. Many animals in the Arctic and Antarctic region have migrated to other places but some of them cannot stand the heat and they died. While under the sea, many fishes have also been extinct because the coral reefs have been destroyed in the process called coral bleaching. Lastly, a common evidence of global warming is the failure of cultivated crops. Many lands have dried up and have fissures because there is no water left especially on the season of El Nià ±o which lead to hunger and increase in demand of food. The Ozone Layer is a region in the Earth’s stratosphere which serves as a protective layer against the sun’s ultraviolet rays and prevents the escape of oxygen (O2) from theShow MoreRelated Ozone and Global Environmental Politics Essay5822 Words   |  24 PagesOzone and Global Environmental Politics A thin layer of gas called atmosphere surrounds the Earth. The atmosphere serves two important purposes: it is a filter for the suns dangerous ultraviolet radiation rays and keeps the heat, necessary to maintain life on earth, within the stratosphere (Vorlat 361). Ultraviolet light is incredibly dangerous to all the organisms within the Earths ecosystem because it causes skin cancer, effects the immune system, and harms plant and animal lifeRead MoreIncome Tax Project16162 Words   |  65 Pagesof the law and pays no tax or pays minimum tax. Tax avoidance is therefore legal and frequently resorted to. In any tax avoidance exercise, the attempt is always to exploit a loophole in the law. A transaction is artificially made to appear as falling squarely in the loophole and thereby minimize the tax. In India, loopholes in the law, when detected by the tax authorities, tend to be plugged by an amendment in the law, too often retrospectively. Hence tax avoidance though legal, is no t long lasting

The Pigs Quest for Control in Animal Farm by George Orwell

Simplicity and repetition helps the pigs gain complete control by covering up the pigs lies and convincing the animals that they do not need humans. Propaganda is most efficient when it is a simple catchy slogan or a word repeated over and over again (Stults). Napoleon teaches the sheep four legs good, two legs bad to know their friends from their enemies (Orwell 34). For example, â€Å"Once the sheep got it by heart, the sheep developed a great liking for this maxim, and often as they lay in the field they would all start bleating, Four legs good, two legs bad!† (34). If the humans can not be trusted, then only animals can be trusted which means the smartest animals should be the leaders which are the pigs. Through simplicity and repetition the pigs teach even the dumbest of animals this slogan. Second, Squealer repeats â€Å"Tactics† a number of times to conceal Snowball is the creator of the windmill design (58). Squealer conceals who the original creator of the wind mill is by â€Å"repeating Tactics, comrades, tactics!. Although the reader knows Snowball created the windmill, the animals believe Napoleon created it because right before they began asking questions Squealer repeated tactics a number of time to confuse them and get their minds off the subject. The pigs can confuse the animals easily by using simplicity and repetition. Furthermore, Napoleon ends most of his speeches with â€Å"Long Live Animal Farm† to make the farm animals think he wants Animal Farm to succeed (64). ForShow MoreRelatedA Critical Review of Animal Farm Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Review of Animal Farm Once again, George Orwell shows his literary genius in writing. Through a brilliantly designed plot, the evidence for the horrors of totalitarianism, communism, and revolution have been shown. Throughout history, these types of events have destroyed societies, and George Orwell uses his strength in satire to show this. In someways, he even pokes fun at the communist regimes around the world by symbolizing them as animals. Truly, this book is not only serious inRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1496 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction In a perfect world, everybody is equal. People s race, gender, culture, intelligence wouldn’t matter everyone would be the same. Sadly this is not a perfect world and in George Orwell s novel Animal Farm he explores the reason total equality is nearly impossible to obtain. George Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair on June 21, 1903 in Motihari, India to a British civil servant. He started to write at a young age publishing his first poem in a newspaper at the age of eleven. InRead MoreOrwell s Animal Farm As A Critique Of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation And How Tyranny Operates1475 Words   |  6 PagesConnection: George Orwell’s Animal Farm as a critique of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation and How Tyranny Operates Literature is said to be the mirror of a society and one of the major functions of it has been to make people aware of their surroundings as well as themselves. While many writers of today might digress from the true purpose of writing, the classics have always held a special place in what may be called as the awakening of the individuals. In this context, George Orwell’s Animal Farm- A FairyRead MoreGeorge Orwells Animal Farm and Napoleons Power Essay2344 Words   |  10 Pages amp;#8220;Outline the ways in which Napoleon obtained and maintained power on Animal Farm. What message is Orwell conveying to the reader through these processes?; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are many ways in which Napoleon obtains and maintains power on Animal Farm. Napoleon obtains power fundamentally by elimination of all opposing him. He obtains and maintains power by turning other animals weaknesses into his opportunities. He also uses his education and knowledge to obtain and maintainRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1405 Words   |  6 Pagesanalysis of Animal Farm The rebellion was to escape from people and their cruel ways, but can they escape the death-grip of their own kind? The animals of animal farms are mistreated and have no rights. Mr and Mrs. Jones were the owners of Manor Farm, the human oppressors, and authoritarians of the animals. The animals rebel against the Jones and take over the farm. They create a utopian society for themselves, but the utopia quickly turns into a dystopia when the pigs take control of the farm. In manyRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union s Sphere Of Influence1611 Words   |  7 Pagesideals. The warning in Animal Farm is clear: regardless of their ideological background, political figureheads have the capacity and tendency to abuse their power. The humans in George Orwell s fable practice capitalism. Mr. Jones, the owner of Manor Farm, is described as an abusive drunk, whose inability to remember to feed his animals sparks their rebellion. Jones ineptness as a caregiver and leader result in his eve ntual overthrow from power. Capitalism, according to Orwell, though rooted in opportunityRead MoreHow Does Read Literature Like A Professor1814 Words   |  8 PagesHow To Read Literature Like a Professor By Thomas C. Foster 1. Chapter 1- Every Trip Is A Quest (Except When It’s Not) a. The five aspects of the quest are the quester, a place to go, a stated reason to go there, challenges and trials on the way, and the real reason to go there. When I read The Secret Life Of the Bees the quester was Lily, she was looking to go to Tiburon to find out more information about her mother and the past. On her journey she runs away from her father, falls in love, andRead MoreIntroduction : How ve He Do That?10829 Words   |  44 PagesIs a Quest (Except When It’s Not) The five aspects of the Quest are: (a) a quester, (b) a place to go, (c) a stated reason to go there, (d) challenges and trials en route, and (e) a real reason to go there. â€Å"The real reason for a quest is always self-knowledge.† (Foster pg. 3) Essentially this is a formula that many great writers utilize in their books to help them with their characters just like great mathematicians do to help them solve their complex calculations. As expected this â€Å"QUEST† formulaRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesconcrete action †¢ E.g. Avaaz.org †¢ Making use of the internet and social media to achieve a staggering number of signatories to protest against the Chinese crackdown on Uyghur minorities in Xinjiang †¢ Enabled us to actively take part in the quest for change / social consciousness Conclusion: †¢ Enabled the flourishing of individual expression, to the extent of narcissism †¢ New media is but a neutral tool; how we use it will determine†¦ 1c. Government Censorship Govt Regulated (political-BAD):

Erik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay

Abstract Erik Erikson (1902-1994) provided a new perspective of psychosocial behavior and development while expanding on the works of other theorists. Erikson believed there to be eight stages of psychosocial development which a person transitions through. These stages start at birth and end with old age/death. Erikson’s work is used throughout many outlets of social work. Social workers use this information to help them figure out what is going on with clients and how best to help them. Erikson provides a clear and accurate perception of the various transitions in a person s psychosocial development. Erik Erikson was born in Frankfurt Germany in 1902, where he was raised by his mother and stepfather. Erikson never had a relationship with his real father and felt his stepfather did not treat him the same as his biological children. Erikson struggled with his own identity and later in his life started researching and exploring child development and its various stages. He attended the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute and learned through the Montessori Method. The Montessori Method is a method used by various educators to educate children through a â€Å"supportive and thoughtfully prepared learning environment† (American Montessori Society) Erikson did not remain in Germany, â€Å"Erikson, his wife, and young son fled the Nazi uprising for the United States in 1933.† (Good Therapy). The Erikson’s settled in the city of Boston Massachusetts. Erikson was the first male in the area toShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense ofRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1445 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson was an ego psychologists who developed one of the utmost popular and prominent theories of development. While Erikson’s theory was influenced by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud s work, Erikson s theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. Erik Erikson s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmu nd Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. UnlikeRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1818 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluential theories in developmental psychology, which is Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. It is a very interesting theory, and although it was influenced by Sigmund Freud, it centers more on the social component rather than the psychosexual stand of Freud. According to Erikson, our personal development occurs as we interact daily with others and have new experiences that shape us throughout our lives. This paper will review the eight stages of the psychosocial theory: 1. TrustRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1775 Words   |  8 Pages Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the most influential theories of human development. While highly influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud, Ericson’s theory incorporates the impact of society and conflicts of the ego, and expands it across the entire life-span of human existence. His theory breaks a life into eight stages of Psychosocial Development. In each stage a person will undergo a psychosocial crisis, which he defines as â€Å"†¦not a threat of catastrophe, but a turningRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1007 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson was a German born, American developmental psychologist. He is known best for his theory of psychosocial development, and creating the phrase â€Å"identity crisis†. He practiced after Freud, adopting some and disagreeing with some of his theories. Erikson continued the theory of the id, ego, and superego. However, unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development cannot be explained or identified solely based on sexuality. He believed that society and culture also influenceRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson is known as â€Å"The Father of Psychosocial Development† due to his work in the field of developmental psychology. Two of his most well known achievements are coining the term lifespan development and his eight stage theory of psychosocial development. Erikson was born on June 15, 1902, in Frankfurt, Germany. Although he had converted to Christianity from Judaism, Erikson and his family fled to The United States during World War II due to the Nazi rule over Germany. On May 12, 1994, Erik Erik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay Erik Erikson was a psychoanalyst who accepted many of Freud’s ideas while placing more importance on the social and cultural features of human development across the lifespan (Upton, 2011). As such, Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the most popular theories of personality amongst other psychologists. He believed that personality development occurred in a series of eight stages, beginning from infancy and finishing at old age (Hoffnung, Hoffnung, Seifert, Burton, Smith, Hine, Ward, Pausà ©, 2013). According to this theory, each stage has its own particular crises or challenges which each individual needs to overcome in order to develop a healthy personality in order to be able to have a fully functioning, interactive life (Hoffnung et al, 2013). If, at a particular stage, a crisis is not dealt with properly it threatens maintenance of a healthy personality., therefore, mastery at each stage is required before the next stage can be achieved. Each stage builds on the previous stage and problems can re-appear later should each stage not be completed successfully (Upton, 2011). The case study drew on the main character Jean who, along with her husband Frank, moved into a retirement home after having lived a very productive life on the family farm. Erikson’s final psychosocial stage of ego integrity versus despair sees Jean in this stage of her life whereby she has had to come to terms with her life, accepting what has gone on previously from theShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense ofRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Erik Erikson (1902-1994) provided a new perspective of psychosocial behavior and development while expanding on the works of other theorists. Erikson believed there to be eight stages of psychosocial development which a person transitions through. These stages start at birth and end with old age/death. Erikson’s work is used throughout many outlets of social work. Social workers use this information to help them figure out what is going on with clients and how best to help them. Erikson providesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1445 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson was an ego psychologists who developed one of the utmost popular and prominent theories of development. While Erikson’s theory was influenced by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud s work, Erikson s theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. Erik Erikson s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. UnlikeRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1818 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluential theories in developmental psychology, which is Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. It is a very interesting theory, and although it was influenced by Sigmund Freud, it centers more on the social component rather than the psychosexual stand of Freud. According to Erikson, our personal development occurs as we interact daily with others and have new experiences that shape us throughout our lives. This paper will review the eight stages of the psychosocial theory: 1. TrustRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1775 Words   |  8 Pages Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the most influential theories of human development. While highly influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud, Ericson’s theory incorporates the impact of society and conflicts of the ego, and expands it across the entire life-span of human existence. His theory breaks a life into eight stages of Psychosocial Development. In each stage a person will undergo a psychosocial crisis, which he defines as â€Å"†¦not a threat of catastrophe, but a turningRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1007 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson was a German born, American developmental psychologist. He is known best for his theory of psychosocial development, and creating the phrase â€Å"identity crisis†. He practiced after Freud, adopting some and disagreeing with some of his theories. Erikson continued the theory of the id, ego, and superego. However, unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development cannot be explained or identified solely based on sexuality. He believed that society and culture also influence Erik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the most influential theories of human development. While highly influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud, Ericson’s theory incorporates the impact of society and conflicts of the ego, and expands it across the entire life-span of human existence. His theory breaks a life into eight stages of Psychosocial Development. In each stage a person will undergo a psychosocial crisis, which he defines as â€Å"†¦not a threat of catastrophe, but a turning point, a crucial period of increased vulnerability and heightened potential, and therefore, the ontogenetic source of generational strength and maladjustment† (Erikson, 1968). To overcome the crises of each stage one must properly balance a positive and negative tendency (Papalia Martorell, 2015). Successfully completing a stage will result in a healthy personality and acquisition of basic virtue; a strength of character that will help resolve the crises in the next stage. (McLeod, 2013). Failing to successfully complete a stage does not stop development, but the lack of the virtue makes subsequent stages more difficult for the individual to resolve. The stages of Psychosocial Development Like Freud, Erikson considered the first conflicts a person would experience occurs as soon as life begins. The first stage of Erik Erikson s psychosocial development theory runs from birth to about eighteen months old. During this initial stage, an infant must balance basic trust versusShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense ofRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Erik Erikson (1902-1994) provided a new perspective of psychosocial behavior and development while expanding on the works of other theorists. Erikson believed there to be eight stages of psychosocial development which a person transitions through. These stages start at birth and end with old age/death. Erikson’s work is used throughout many outlets of social work. Social workers use this information to help them figure out what is going on with clients and how best to help them. Erikson providesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1445 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson was an ego psychologists who developed one of the utmost popular and prominent theories of development. While Erikson’s theory was influenced by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud s work, Erikson s theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. Erik Erikson s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. UnlikeRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1818 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluential theories in developmental psychology, which is Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. It is a very interesting theory, and although it was influenced by Sigmund Freud, it centers more on the social component rather than the psychosexual stand of Freud. According to Erikson, our personal development occurs as we interact daily with others and have new experiences that shape us throughout our lives. This paper will review the eight stages of the psychosocial theory: 1. TrustRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1007 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson was a German born, American developmental psychologist. He is known best for his theory of psychosocial development, and creating the phrase â€Å"identity crisis†. He practiced after Freud, adopting some and disagreeing with some of his theories. Erikson continued the theory of the id, ego, and superego. However, unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development cannot be explained or identified solely based on sexuality. He believed that society and culture also influenceRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson is known as â€Å"The Father of Psychosocial Development† due to his work in the field of developmental psychology. Two of his most well known achievements are coining the term lifespan development and his eight stage theory of psychosocial development. Erikson was born on June 15, 1902, in Frankfurt, Germany. Although he had converted to Christianity from Judaism, Erikson and his family fled to The United States during World War II due to the Nazi rule over Germany. On May 12, 1994, Erik Erik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay Erik Erikson is known as â€Å"The Father of Psychosocial Development† due to his work in the field of developmental psychology. Two of his most well known achievements are coining the term lifespan development and his eight stage theory of psychosocial development. Erikson was born on June 15, 1902, in Frankfurt, Germany. Although he had converted to Christianity from Judaism, Erikson and his family fled to The United States during World War II due to the Nazi rule over Germany. On May 12, 1994, Erik Erikson died at the age of 91 after a brief illness in Massachusetts. Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Theory The first stage of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is infancy. Infancy lasts from birth to one year during which time children learn about trust and mistrust. At this age babies are wholly dependent on others, so they learn to trust when they are given sufficient care, both physically and emotionally. Mistrust is established by unpredictable care and by cold, distant parents. For example, if an infant is talked to, held often, and always taken care of when crying, they learn to trust that someone will be there whenever they need help. On the other hand, when a baby is left crying for long periods of time and not always fed or getting diapers changed often, they in all likelihood, will not trust that they are always safe. Stage two of Erikson’s theory is toddlerhood, lasting from one to three years old. During the toddler stage children learnShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Dev elopment884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense ofRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Erik Erikson (1902-1994) provided a new perspective of psychosocial behavior and development while expanding on the works of other theorists. Erikson believed there to be eight stages of psychosocial development which a person transitions through. These stages start at birth and end with old age/death. Erikson’s work is used throughout many outlets of social work. Social workers use this information to help them figure out what is going on with clients and how best to help them. Erikson providesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1445 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson was an ego psychologists who developed one of the utmost popular and prominent theories of development. While Erikson’s theory was influenced by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud s work, Erikson s theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual development. Erik Erikson s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best-known theories of personality in psychology. Much like Sigmund Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of stages. UnlikeRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1818 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluential theories in developmental psychology, which is Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. It is a very interesting theory, and although it was influenced by Sigmund Freud, it centers more on the social component rather than the psychosexual stand of Freud. According to Erikson, our personal development occurs as we interact daily with others and have new experiences that shape us throughout our lives. This paper will review the eight stages of the psychosocial theory: 1. TrustRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1775 Words   |  8 Pages Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the most influential theories of human development. While highly influenced by the works of Sigmund Freud, Ericson’s theory incorporates the impact of society and conflicts of the ego, and expands it across the entire life-span of human existence. His theory breaks a life into eight stages of Psychosocial Development. In each stage a person will undergo a psychosocial crisis, which he defines as â€Å"†¦not a threat of catastrophe, but a turningRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1007 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson was a German born, American developmental psychologist. He is known best for his theory of psychosocial development, and creating the phrase â€Å"identity crisis†. He practiced after Freud, adopting some and disagreeing with some of his theories. Erikson continued the theory of the id, ego, and superego. However, unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development cannot be explained or identified solely based on sexuality. He believed that society and culture also influence

A letter of advice for Isla-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Prepare a letter of advice for Outback Medical outlining all the requirements to sponsor and nominate Isla for a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. 2.Prepare a letter of advice for Isla outlining the requirements for her to be granted a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. Answers: 1.A letter of advice for Outback Medical outlining all the requirements to sponsor and nominate Isla for a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. The Authority of Outback Medical Queensland DD/MM/YYYY Dear Sir Sub: A letter of Advice for Sponsor for Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa It is notify to you that as Isla has not renewed the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa, which has expired two weeks ago, she needs to apply for the renew of the visa. Now, according to current situation she might take to her homeland Ireland due to the expiry of the visa. In present days she is working in your organization, which is a nursing home, named Outback Medical where she work as a nurse and she is interested also to continue her profession in the organization. Therefore, Under the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visas it is required to have a sponsor for renew the visa for mandatory purposes where she will get the permission to work for temporary. Hon Malcolm Turnbull MP the Prime Minister of Australia and the Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister were first introduced the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa where they intended for the establishes the terms for abolishing the Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) visa which should become the genuine skills shortage under to the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection. Under the terms of the visa, it allows the extension of works for 4 years under the Australian Government along with the approved sponsor. It is necessary that the applicant must have an approved sponsor where he or she could be volunteered under those particular organizations. It is necessary that with the conditions of the 457-visa process, the sponsor must approve for the actual position of sponsor and he or she should be capable to provide the sponsorship of the applicant. After the permission of the sponsor position, the sponsor might apply for the application where the approved sponsor can able to get the sponsorship under the 457 visa nominations. According to the terms of the Immigration, the 457 visa holders has the rights only work under the actual nominated occupation along with the sponsored by approved sponsor. The date when the nomination will provided, the applicant is required to have the transition for the permanent residency and if they are consists of two years of employment where the employer has sponsored the applicant must approved with full-time position in the 457-visa holder's under the nominated occupation. The provided sponsorship only applicable for the 457-visa process and he or she should consists or holds a standard business sponsor. Now it is necessary for the nominated sponsor where he or she must has the capability to meet and satisfy the qualification of an appropriate sponsor for the 457-visa applicant. The terms which are necessary for the sponsor are: The applicant sponsor must hold or runs a lawfully operating business in Australia. The applicant sponsor should mention the numbers of the workers where the visa holders will sponsored for the 457-visa process. The applicant sponsor also consists of appropriate IN numbers along with the process, applicant sponsor is required to complete the terms of the prescribed training benchmark and if it must have the trading for last 12 months then the actual criteria are also require to meet the capability. Under the IN number the visa plan need to fulfill with the prescribe benchmark for the trading of more than 12 months or less. The applicant sponsor should declare the sponsorship in written documents, which should stated strong commitment to employing under Australia and it must not discriminate the way of recruitments. If any training is required to fulfill the position of the sponsor then it is also need to complete such issues. If the applicant sponsor is running the business outside of Australia then the person must have a clear intention to sponsor a 457 worker to establish a new business in Australia with connections to an overseas business. if the applicant sponsor is running the business outside of Australia then the person is also require to sponsor the 457-visa holder worker for satisfying the contractual obligations the employer has in Australia. The applicant sponsor must not have adverse information, which has pertaining for the workers. The applicant sponsor not required to take any actions or involve with any activities where a third party pay the costs, which is related to the employer for becoming a sponsor or recruiting a 457 worker. Therefore according to the fact of the case, as your organization Outback Medical want to sponsor Isla for her renew of her Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. Therefore is requiring following all the above consequences to complete the process of sponsorship for being the sponsor for Isla. As Islas Temporary Business Entry (Class UC), subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa has already expired two weeks ago therefore she need to renew the process along with the sponsor under the Outback Medical nursing home where she can get the job of nursing and along with the permission of the temporary residency in Australia. The sponsor also looks for every criminal record and collects the character certificate from her whether she has any relation with the acts. According to the adverse terms it should includes the information where unlawful activity under Commonwealth, state or territory law, including being subject to administrative action that falls short of a criminal convictionshould not considered. The applicant is not must investigate for any illegal activities under Commonwealth, state or territory law. The applicant must not have the insolvency under the subsections 5(2) and (3) of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 and section 95A of the Corporations Act 2001. As per the adverse information the illegal activities has been described such as: discrimination, immigration, industrial relations, occupational health and safety, people smuggling and related offences, slavery, sexual servitude and deceptive recruiting, taxation, terrorism and trafficking in persons and debt bondage. Therefore it is also notify to you that you must collect all the required documents from Isla before stat to the renew process for the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. Yours sincerely XYZ Migration Agent 2.A letter of advice for Isla outlining the requirements for her to be granted a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. Isla McCormik Queensland DD/MM/YYYY Dear Isla Sub: A letter for outlining the requirements to be granted a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa It is notify to you that as visa has not renewed the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa, which has expired two weeks ago, you needs to apply for the renew of the visa. Now, according to current situation you may go back to your homeland Ireland due to the expiry of the visa. In present days, you are working in your organization, which is a nursing home, named Outback Medical where you work as a nurse and interested to continue the profession in the organization. Therefore, Under the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa it is required to have a sponsor for renew the visa for mandatory purposes where you will get the permission to work for temporary. Under the 457-visa process the applicant is requires to completing online application 1066 Employer Sponsored Workers (e457). Along with such documentation the applicant is also requires fulfilling other requirements. Those are: For the documentation which has been conducted for the registered training organisation which must approved by the Trades Recognition Australia. If the applicant is nominated under the occupation, project and Program Administrator or Specialist Managerthen it will be helpful for the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa applicant. The applicant also requires having the qualification certificate, which includes the professional and educational. The name and contact details of the registration or licensing authority. the employee must fulfill the relevant skill levelunder the ANZSCO code and it must includes the personal details, position of the services, old employment records, the detail information of the sponsor. The applicant is requiring completing the IELTS test, OET test where it must meet the requirement of the English language. The applicant is also requires to passed scores in those tests. The applicant must submit the personal documents, which includes the current passports, travel documents, persona details, and photos. If the applicant is require to include their family members then it is necessary to submit the details documents of the family members. For the spouse the marriage certificate is needed to submit under the Immigration Authority. For the de-facto relationship, partners documents need to submit to the Immigration Authority. the documents of health insurance is also requires to submit under the documentation process for the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa applicant. Along with the health, certificates the applicant should submit the health certificate that she is not consist of any chronicle diseased. The applicant is requiring having the character certificate from the government where she lives. The applicant must not have any criminal records and consists of good character under the Ireland government. Therefore, it is notifying you that you must follow the entire requirement, which has mentioned the letter. Yours sincerely XYZ Migration Agent References Migration Act 1958 Migration Agents Code of Conduct Migration Agents Regulations 1998 Migration Regulations 1994

LASIK Surgery Essay Example For Students

LASIK Surgery Essay Seeing well without contact lenses and glasses is the dream of millions of Americans and modern medical science has enabled that dream to come true (Caster, 8). Since first grade, Dede Head, a 30-year-old fitness trainer in North Carolina, has worn glasses to correct sever nearsightedness and astigmatism. Over the years she became accustomed to wearing glasses and contacts, but this has limited many important aspects of her life, including sports. She then heard of a laser eye surgery that ?supposedly?, helped to correct a persons vision by means of lasers. She immediately signed up for the procedure and ever since that day, she has not worn glasses or contacts. Dede is just one of the eight hundred-fifty-thousand people who have undergone a procedure by the name of LASIK or Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis. If surgical procedures were movies, LASIK would be this years box office smash as it has received much media coverage and many praises; however, not that many people know what LASIK is, what the advantages and disadvantages are, and most importantly if LASIK is right for them (Buratto, 1). LASIK is basically a type of laser surgery which can help correct nearsightedness (myopia), which is the inability to see distant objects, farsightnedness (hyperopia), which is the inability to see close, and astigmatism, the inability to focus light waves evenly. LASIK has grown greatly in the last year, mostly because of 4 reasons; it is fast (procedure takes about 5-10 minutes), safe, painless, and the results are almost always prolific. The eye is just like a camera because it works by focusing light waves that pass through it. Light rays that enter the eye must first pass through the most outer layer of the eye called the cornea. The cornea performs 2/3 of the focusing process, the remainder of is then completed by the crystalline lens which further focuses the light on the retina. This requires extreme precision in that the focused light must fall exactly at the level of the retina (Gallo, 126). The retina is a nerve tissue that carpets the inner surface of the eye, much like wallpaper covers all aspects of a wall. The retina converts the light into electrical signals, which are transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve. Just as a camera cannot produce clear photographs of the image if the incoming light is not focused on the film, we cannot produce a clear vision if the cornea and crystalline lens do not focus the light precisely on the retina. This is where LASIK steps in. A laser is a device that creates a very special kind of light energy that is usually invisible to the human eye (Caster, 16). In LASIK, ophthalmologists use a certain type of laser called the excimer. By using invisible ultraviolet light, the excimer is able to break covalent bonds between molecules. What sets excimer aside from other lasers used in medicine is the wavelength used. At one-hundred ninety-three nm (nanometers), excimer lasers remove tissue by breaking the covalent without creating much thermal energy (Slade, 25). This allows for precise removal of tissue with minimal surrounding tissue damage. The very thin layer of the cornea that is removed, changes the curvature of the cornea ever so slightly, thus then results in a change in the light focusing ability. In nearsightedness (myopia), light rays from distant objects are not focused on the retina, but instead they are focused in front of the retina (See Figure 1). Therefore to correct nearsightedness in a LASIK procedur e, the curvature of the cornea must be decreased or in another words made flatter by removing corneal tissue in a disc-shaped pattern, or from the central cornea. A computer determines the exact pattern and number of pulses that are needed to do this. In farsightedness (hyperopia), light rays from distant objects are focused not onto the retina, but behind it (See Figure 1). To correct this, the central portion of the cornea must be made steeper; and this is accomplished by removing corneal tissue in a donut shaped pattern, or in another words more from the peripheral areas. Eyes with astigmatisms focus light waves unevenly because of the irregular shape of the cornea; football shaped as opposed to the usual round, basketball shaped corneas. The excimer laser can remove corneal tissue asymmetrically, and so the end result is a round, symmetrical surface (Sloat, 90). LASIK, did not just develop suddenly overnight in some ophthalmologists mind; however, LASIK is part of an evolved procedure (Gallo, 127). Todays vision correction revolution dates back decades through the sheer genius, persistence, and ingenuity of Professor Jose Barraquer (Slade, 8). Refractive surgery, which is the type of surgery LASIK is characterized as, started in Bogota, Columbia in 1948 when Barraquer started performing a procedure called Freeze Keratomileusis. This procedure involved adding a disc of corneal tissue (donated from another person) with a predetermined curvature in the cornea giving it structure. In a journal found 2 decades after this procedure, it stated that patients who had myopia could see better after the procedure; however he stated a few months after the surgery, that some patients would lose their eyesight due to infection. The reason for this was that Barraquer used an unsterilized shaver to cut the cornea. It was not until the late 1970s that refract ive surgery resurfaced when US surgeons visited the Soviet Union. The surgeons brought back a procedure called Radial Keratotomy (RK) which made spokelike incisions in the cornea by using a handheld diamond scalpel. The results were good, but scientists noticed that the incisions structurally weakened the eye. Scientists and doctors worked for 2 decades to develop Radial Keratotomy into a procedure that was both safe and produced good results. Then in 1994, a company by the name of Summit Technologies developed the first excimer laser that could be used for surgery. A year after, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved this excimer laser and stated that it could only be used to correct mild nearsightedness in a procedure called Photorefractive Keratectomy (PK). In PRK, surgeons scrape away the very outer layer of the cornea (less than 5% thickness of the entire cornea) and then use the excimer laser to vaporize the underlying corneal tissue to a predetermined depth (no more than fifty percent thickness of the cornea). These results were very good as 90 percent of the cases showed that the patients achieved at least 20/40 vision, which is the usual standard to pass a drivers license test; however, the surgery had many drawbacks.While the procedure itself was not painful, patients had significant pain and discomfort for almost a week after the surgery (Gallo, 129). Worst of all, it often took a week to even see anything and six months to get the full benefits of the surgery (Gallo, 129). Dr. Stephen Slade, a refractive surgeon, summarized the procedure well by saying, ?PRK works well, but it hurts and the results take too long. To be honest, patients dont like it.? Soon after PRK was introduced, surgeons began testing a procedure called Laser In-Situ Keratomileusis, which was first partially introduced by the father of ophthalmology, Barraquer in 1950 (Slade, 8). Keratomileusis is derived from the Greek root keras (horn-like cornea) and mileusis (carving ) and basically it is a procedure that involves slicing and peeling back the outer layer of the cornea (anterior cornea), leaving a hinge on one side, while the laser sculpts the tissue underneath (corneal stroma). After the excimer laser is done, the flap is placed back to where it was before, and no stitches are needed because the corneal flap heals by itself when left to dry. You are probably wondering if they still used the diamond scalpel, and the answer thankfully is not. Surgeons use a very precise instrument called the microkeratome (See Figure 3) which makes LASIK very unique compared to other surgeries. This device is a mechanical shaver that has a sharp blade, which moves back and forth at very high speeds (See figure 2). After a suction ring has been placed on the cornea, the microkeratome is place on top of the cornea and advances across it at very small increments creating a flap that is only 1/3 inch in diameter. This instrument cuts the cornea at a uniform thickness and creates a portion of the cornea uncut. After the suction ring and the microkeratome have been removed, the corneal flap is folded back (See Figure 4), exposing the middle portion of the cornea. Also in LASIK surgery, the excimer laser can be used at different frequencies and therefore produce different desired results in the same patient. Each laser pulse in a LASIK procedure removes ten-millionths of an inch of corneal tissue in twelve-billionths of a second while in a PRK procedure, the laser removes about twice as much in about the same time. The amount of corneal tissue removed depends on how nearsighted or farsighted the patient is (Gorman, 60). The more nearsighted a patient is the more tissue must be removed to obtain a flatter cornea, and the same goes with farsightedness, except the cornea has to be made steeper. The growth of Bitcoin EssayLittle research is available on LASIKs long-term safety and effectiveness, but there is information available on PRK. Last year, a review in ophthalmology traced eighty-three British patients who underwent PRK in 1990, and found no serious complications in any of them. This is attributed to the amount of untouched, deep cornea (approximately fifty percent of the entire cornea), which maintains the eyes original overall shape. This is opposite of RK which left only 10% of the untouched cornea (Voelker, 1494). Despite its increasing popularity, LASIK is not for everyone. People with extra-thin corneas are not good candidates of this surgery because the surgeon does not have enough tissue to work with. Ophthalmologists also turn away people who have rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes because they have problems with dry eyes, and are hence poor healers. As people approach forty years old, they begin to lose the ability to change their focus from far to near (presbyopia), but dont worry, it is natural in everyone. Baby boomers who have LASIK to try to correct presbyopia, usually trade their distance glasses in for reading glasses (or vice versa). Surgeons are now answering this problem with ?mono-vision?, which is correcting one eye for far distance and the other for focusing on close distances. After this procedure, the brain adapts, using each eye for different functions; however, patients often experience blurry midrange vision and have depth perception problems. ?Most patients dont mind it , but it drives some people nuts,? says Dr. Slade. ?There is a revolution happening in vision correction,? says Dr. Guy Kezirian, a refractive surgeon in Arizona, and spokesman for the International Society of Refractive Surgery. ?Were seeing a stampede of people interested in a surgical alternative.? The question I ask is, why not? Glasses can be very inconvenient, and contacts can be a hassle, so why not venture in this vast, growing field of LASIK? LASIK is not just an eye operation anymore, it is a 2 billion dollar a year industry that has revolutionized the way surgery is looked at. Usually costing two thousand dollars per eye, LASIK is not a surgery that anyone can afford, especially since it is not covered by insurance. Yet when asked, a LASIK patient consistently states that the surgery was one, if not the, best thing which they have ever done for themselves: no worries of sleeping with contact lenses and contracting a sight threatening infection (Slade, 254). No fear of scuba diving or swimming with contacts, and no fear of waking up 3 a.m. after having heard noises downstairs, and not being able to find your glasses. LASIK surgery gave Diane, a forty-five-year-old doctor assistant, a newfound sense of freedom. Before the surgery, she couldnt clearly see her feet when she was in the shower, but now after LASIK, she is taking rock-climbing lessons with her twelve-year-old daughter; something she would have never done if she were wearing glasses or contacts. Stories like this are becoming common as Americans flock to eye doctors at record rates for this ?surgical fix?. LASIK is blossoming like a flower in the Fertile Crescent and soon everybody will be taking advantage of its wondrous gift that it provides; the gift of sight.